As Canadians, we live for summer and the joys it brings — warm weather, fresh air, camping, barbeques, and more. But nothing dampens the summer spirit faster than a broken air conditioner during a hot, humid day.
Replacing an air conditioner is a big decision for a homeowner. So when something goes wrong with your AC unit, we know how fast you need to collect accurate, unbiased information about your AC repair or replacement options. That’s why we’ve pulled together this air conditioner buying guide to help you navigate every step in the journey.
In the following section, we discuss the common subjects and terms you will encounter while researching and purchasing an air conditioner, when to replace your AC unit, what size air conditioner you need, and efficiency ratings.
How an Air Conditioner Works
Air conditioners draw in warm air from the home and passes it over an evaporator coil that absorbs heat and removes humidity, which cools the air. The AC unit then expels the heat outside and pushes the cold air back into the room to make the temperature more comfortable.
To achieve this procedure, most air conditioners contain the following parts:
If any of these parts break or work inefficiently,
The average price of a new, high-efficiency air conditioner ranges from $3,995-$6,000 and includes standard installation from a fully-insured, licensed company, with at least a one-year warranty, and all required licenses for installation.
For a more narrow scope, there are five factors that determine the cost of a new AC unit:
The following table breaks down the average costs for new air conditioners in Ontario.
| Air Conditioner Type | Average Cost (Including Installation) | Average Unit Lifespan |
|---|---|---|
Central Air Conditioner |
$3,995-$6,000 |
15 years |
Ductless Air Conditioner |
$3,000-$6,000 |
20 years |
Window Air Conditioner |
$200-$1,000 |
8-10 years |
Wall-Mounted Air Conditioner |
$450-$700 |
10 years |
Portable Air Conditioner |
$250-$700 |
5-10 years |
If you want to avoid the upfront costs of buying and installing an AC unit, then air conditioner rental is an alternative to consider. Our HVAC rental solution is the Air and Water Care Advantage program, which offers you zero up-front costs, affordable monthly payments, and free repairs. Plus, free maintenance every two years by our licensed technicians. If you’re ready to schedule a free in-home assessment, fill out our form and we’ll be in touch soon.
The type of air conditioner that’s best for your home depends on your cooling needs and price range. The following section discusses the five types of air conditioners that are common in Canada.
A central air conditioner is amongst the most popular choices in Canada and works great for a mid-to-large size family home, and for homes with multiple stories. Including installation, the average central air conditioner costs between $3,995-$6,000. The equipment offers a good balance between cost, efficiency and longevity.
Due to the laws governing the sale and handling of refrigerants and the required furnace modifications, installing a central air conditioner is not a do-it-yourself project. A licensed technician is required to do the installation safely. A typical installation takes about a day and it can’t be entirely completed in the winter. All major air conditioner brands have models ranging from entry-level to more advanced models. The advanced models include higher efficiency ratings and additional features like smart thermostat and temperature sensor integration.
We recommend that you don’t get too caught up on researching air conditioner brands. Instead, focus on proper sizing and installation quality to ensure optimized operation for years to come.
When you contact an HVAC company to inquire about purchasing a new air conditioner, you should expect them to send an expert to your home for a consultation before giving you a price quote or beginning installation.
In the consultation, the company’s Energy Management Consultant (EMC) collects information to give you a customized solution. They’ll typically ask (or look at):
Afterward, the EMC will calculate the square footage in the most important rooms, determine the correct AC unit size and BTU usage, and then recommend the equipment you need.
Regardless of who you choose to install your central air conditioner, for your safety, we encourage you to work with companies that have liability insurance and licenses with Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB), Electrical Safety Authority (ESA) and Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA).
Most central air conditioning systems are made up of two parts, which is also known as a split system. The outdoor unit contains a condenser coil, compressor, fan and electrical components. The indoor portion sits on top of the natural gas, electric, oil or propane furnace or air handler and is called the evaporator coil or “A” coil. A central air conditioning system will start up when the attached thermostat senses that the temperature has increased greater than a preset level. The liquid refrigerant inside the evaporator coil converts to gas. As the warm, humid indoor air passes over the coil, it absorbs the heat and removes the humidity, which cools the air. The furnace’s blower fan then circulates the chilled air up through the home’s ductwork and out into the various living areas. Since the system uses the furnace to transfer air throughout the house, the air will be filtered by the furnace filter. That’s why it’s important to change your furnace filters throughout the year.
Meanwhile, the refrigerant gas travels outside the house through a copper pipe (line set) to the compressor. The compressor pressurizes the gas and moves the refrigerant through the condenser coil. As the condenser fan pulls cool air through the condenser coil, it changes the refrigerant back to liquid form and continues the refrigeration cycle. The humidity that was pulled from the air then turns into condensation, which is removed from the evaporator coil via the condensate drain line. After, the heated air in the home circulates outside, and the cold air returns and back into the system to be cooled down and dehumidified again.
Ductless air conditioners are perfect for homes without furnace ductwork and for homes with hot spots that can’t be solved with an existing HVAC system. Homeowners who add home renovations, such as an in-law suite, also tend to use a ductless system.
In Canada, you may want to consider a ductless split system that uses a heat pump, so that you can heat and cool your home year-round.
The cost of a quality ductless air conditioner ranges between $3,000 to $6,000 after installation.
A licensed professional is required to install a ductless split unit because the unit uses refrigerants and is wired into the home’s electrical panel. Depending on how many indoor units are required and how difficult the installation is, it could take 1-2 days for the installation. The unit must be tested, so you can’t completely install a ductless system during the winter.
Ductless AC units are a common option among households, and most major HVAC brands have several models to choose from. Advanced models have higher efficiency and more features, such as using a remote to adjust the temperature.
Much like a central air system, the critical part of buying a good split system, which affects performance and longevity, is buying the correct size and hiring a quality installer. We also suggest you request a free in-home consultation before considering a split system to make sure you accommodate your home’s unique cooling needs.
Like central systems, a ductless split has two main components: an outdoor unit that houses the compressor, condenser coil and fan, and an indoor unit that houses the evaporator coil and the blower fan. The two units are connected with a copper conduit that links the indoor and outdoor units. The conduit also houses the power cable, refrigerant tubing, suction tubing, and a condensate drain.
Ductless splits are available as single or multi-zone systems, meaning they can cool one room or many. Depending on the size of your home and how many rooms you want to cool, you may have multiple indoor units. There are also a number of options for indoor units to fit your needs, including wall units, floor consoles and ceiling cassettes.
Window-mounted air conditioners are meant to cool a small space like an individual room or a small one-story, one-room building. They’re great for studio apartments, workshops and in-law suites.
Typical window units range from 5,000 to 25,000 BTUs. To determine the right size for your room, you will need to measure the square footage of your room and refer to the manufacturer to see what size they recommend.
In Canada, a window air conditioner costs $200-$1,000, depending on the size and unit-specific features.
Window-mounted air conditioners can be installed into a double-hung window, or in some cases, a casement window. Egress and fire-safety need to be kept in mind when choosing where to put the unit, especially if the room only has one window.
We recommend explicitly following the manufacturer’s installation instructions. And when you install a window unit, we also suggest you have at least one other person to help you because the units are bulky and often weigh up to 54 kg (120 pounds).
Here are a few additional tips to keep in mind about window AC units. This advice also applies to wall-mounted AC units.
Wall-mounted air conditioners are almost the same as window air conditioners, except they are installed into a wall and don’t need to be removed in winter. These air conditioners work well for studio apartments, small offices, workshops, or open floor plan one-bedroom apartments.
To calculate the best size for your space, you will need to measure the square footage of your room and refer to the manufacturer’s instructions to see what size they recommend.
An average wall-mounted air conditioner costs $450-$700, depending on the size and features.
We strongly recommend hiring an HVAC, plumbing or construction expert to install wall-mounted air conditioners. The process requires you to cut a hole through your wall, which means you need to pay attention to studs, pipes, and wiring. Plus, you have to be sure the wall won’t collapse during or after the installation and the spot you choose needs to provide
adequate airflow to the room.
If a central air conditioner or ductless system doesn’t work for your space, and you can’t install a window or wall unit, then you could consider a portable air conditioner.
These units vary in size, BTU output and features. On average, portable air conditioners cost $250-$700.
To calculate the best size for your space, you will need to measure the square footage of your room and refer to the manufacturer’s instructions to see what size they recommend.
Portable air conditioners are, as the name implies, portable, so there is little-to-no installation. However, when you set up the system, the warm air being compressed does need to be vented outside, which is typically done out a window.
When you choose a spot to place the unit, make sure it sits away from a wall so the airflow isn’t restricted. To maximize efficiency, the exhaust hose also needs to be straight with no kinks.
Another catch about portable AC units to pay attention to: Condensation collected during the cooling process will either be evaporated into the hot air exhaust or collected inside the unit in a bucket, depending on the model you choose. If it has a bucket, that water will need to be emptied often.
The last thing to note is noise. Portable ACs have noise decibel levels that typically range from 50 to 60 dB, which is louder than a refrigerator but usually quieter than a vacuum. If the unit is underpowered for the size of the room, it will constantly run, while a unit too big will cycle too quickly and not properly remove the humidity.
For the sake of your ears, double-check manufacturer recommendations when purchasing a portable air conditioner to make sure you get the right size for your space.
A broken, underperforming or malfunctioning home cooling system in the peak heat of summer is frustrating. Before you call a service technician about your unit, there are several basic maintenance and diagnostic steps you can perform.
For general AC maintenance and troubleshooting, read our blog post Easy Troubleshooting for Common AC Problems. If you want advice on specific problems, the following section is for you.
Before we dive in, important to note that fiddling with an air conditioner or furnace is dangerous, so we strongly encourage you to consult a licensed HVAC technician for any home maintenance work you’re not comfortable with or are unsure about.
Knowing what’s wrong with your air conditioner is half the battle. If you notice any of the following issues, your unit likely needs to be repaired or replaced.
The average central air conditioner lasts about 15 years. If your unit is showing signs of old age, like poor performance or unusual noises, it’s likely time for a replacement.
If your evaporator coils don’t get adequate airflow or they are clogged, they can freeze and your AC unit may stop working. Dirt and other types of debris can clog the air filters and ducts, which restricts warm air from reaching the coils. Without the warm air, the coils can’t cool the air being pushed through your AC unit efficiently and may eventually freeze.
If your coils are frozen, you may notice:
If you discover a frozen coil, don’t try to clear the ice by hand because you may damage the unit. Instead, you can use a do-it-yourself remedy to thaw the ice before consulting with an HVAC technician. If the following steps don’t resolve your problem, we suggest you contact an AC expert. You may have a more serious malfunction, like a refrigerant leak, which must be handled by a licensed professional.
Refrigerant is the chemical found within the coils that helps cool the air, and without it your air conditioner won’t work. Refrigerant exposure can be dangerous, so if you have a leak (or suspect one) it’s crucial to contact an expert.
If you have a refrigerant leak, you may notice:
Overworked Capacitors and Contactors
If your AC unit isn’t blowing air, you may have a capacitor or contractor issue. Capacitors and contractors work to keep essential motors running in the unit, such as the fan motor and blower motor. The parts require a significant amount of electricity to run, so they tend to get overheated and overworked during hot summer months — especially on older AC units.
Sometimes the unit is not working due to other parts of the HVAC system, like a faulty thermostat. If the thermostat is not working properly, it may give the AC unit wrong information, which causes it to run when it shouldn’t or not turn on when it should.
If you want to read more AC troubleshooting insights then check out our blog post, What You Need to Know About Air Conditioning Replacement.
R22 Refrigerant, also known as R22 freon and HCFC-22 freon, is an environmentally destructive chemical used in older air conditioners. R22 exacerbates ozone depletion, which speeds up the negative effects of climate change. According to Environment and Climate Change Canada, as of January 1, 2020, producing and importing R22 is banned in Canada.
As a result of the now-obsolete R22, some refrigerant manufacturers have attempted to find a suitable substitute or “drop-in” that can be used as an interim solution for existing R22 units.
Newly manufactured and installed new air conditioners operate with newer, environmentally friendly refrigerants, which differs greatly from the older R22.
As environmental stewards, we are committed to reducing the impact on our environment. We help manage our clients’ energy consumption with transparent and reliable products while enhancing indoor comfort. We welcome any questions you may have and will gladly answer all your concerns to ensure you make the best choice for yourself and your family.
Later in the guide, we’ll dive deeper into AC maintenance, repairs and replacement. Skip ahead to that section if you want to learn more diagnostic tips. And if you want a more in-depth explanation about how each type of air conditioner works, visit the types of air conditioners section.
Among the most important decisions you’ll make when buying a new AC unit is how efficient you want the equipment to be, a factor known as SEER.
Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) measures how efficient your air conditioning equipment is, similar to the kilometers-per-litre rating in a car. The greater the system’s SEER rating, the more energy-efficient the AC unit is and the more comfort you will get from each energy dollar.
You may also see air conditioners rated with EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio), which is similar to SEER, but calculated using a steady outside temperature of 35℃ (95℉). In comparison, SEER is calculated using outside temperatures that range from 18℃ (65℉) to 40℃ (104℉).
Ideally, you want to buy the most energy-efficient air conditioner that you can afford. But higher SEER models typically cost more money, so you may want to calculate the annual electricity cost for an air conditioner to see if the payoff meets your needs. If you have an HVAC Energy Management Consultant evaluate your home, they’ll do these calculations for you.
To start, you’ll need to identify four factors.
After you have this information, use the following formula to calculate how much money running an AC unit will cost you each year:
Unit size × BTU/h × operational hours per year × $/kWh ÷ SEER ÷ 1000W/kW = annual energy cost
Let’s break the formula down so it’s easier to understand. A house in Ontario has a central air conditioner with a cooling capacity of 5 tons and a SEER rating of 20. The unit operates 100 days each year for 8 hours per day. The cost of electricity is $0.10 per kilowatt-hour.
The first step is to convert the unit’s size (tons) to BTU-per hour. For reference: A one-ton AC unit is rated for 12,000 BTU-per hour.
(5 tons) × (12,000 BTU/h/ton) = 60,000 BTU/h.
The next step is to determine how much you pay in kilowatt-per-hours compared to the unit efficiency rating.
(60,000 Btu/h) × (800 h/year) × ($0.10/kWh) ÷ (20 SEER rating) ÷ (1000 W/kW) = $240/year
This energy-to-cost rating helps determine what size of AC unit you should buy. The average Ontario home will range from 1.5 to 2.5 tons with a SEER of 13-16.
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